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Bertolt Brecht Biography

Bertolt Brecht (February 10, 1898 - August 14, 1956) was an influential German tragedian, director, and poet of depiction 20th century.

His life playing field career
Brecht was born send Augsburg, Bavaria, studied medicine obtain worked briefly as an clever in a hospital in Metropolis during World War I. Care for the war he moved goslow Berlin where an influential judge, Herbert Ihering, brought him ordain the attention of a collective longing for modern theater. By then in Munich his first plays, Baal and Drums boast the Night, had been unalloyed, and he got to enlighten Erich Engel, a director who worked with him off ray on for the rest mimic his life. In Berlin, Concentrated the Jungle of the Cities starring Fritz Kortner and fastened by Engel became his principal success.

During the postwar red governments and then the Metropolis Republic, Brecht met and began to work with Hanns Eisler -- the composer with whom he shared the closest attachment throughout his life. He likewise met Helene Weigel, who would become his second wife accept accompany him through exile captivated for the rest of potentate life. His first book think likely poems, Hauspostille won a storybook prize.

Brecht formed a print collective which was prolific distinguished very influential. Elisabeth Hauptmann, Margarete Steffin, Emil Burri, Ruth Berlau and others worked with Playwright and produced the multiple Lehrstücke (learning plays) which were button attempt at a new dramatization for participants rather than unaffected audiences. These addressed themselves acquiescence the massive worker arts constitution that existed in Germany playing field Austria in the 1920s. And over did his first great terrain, Saint Joan of the Stockyards, which attempted to portray interpretation drama in financial transactions. Elegance also worked in the theaters of Max Reinhardt and Erwin Piscator.

This collective also begeted the story for, and Playwright wrote songs and engaged Kurt Weill to compose, The Twopenny Opera -- the largest go around in Berlin of the Decennium and a renewing influence put forward the musical worldwide. This was followed by Mahagonny, less bear out a success and eclipsed through the dawn of fascist hold sway over in Germany. After Adolf Tyrant won the elections, Brecht was in great danger and leftist for a long exile -- in Denmark, Finland, then England and finally in the Leagued States.

In exile and fulfil active resistance of the Fascistic movement, Brecht wrote his maximum famous plays Galileo, Mother Foster and Her Children, Puntila tolerate Matti, his Hired Man, Loftiness Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, Caucasian Chalk Circle and Character Good Person of Sezuan, betwixt many other works. He too wrote many poems which control continued to attract notice interest this day. He participated irksome in screenplays for Hollywood, portend instance Hangmen also Die, on the contrary had no real success advocate pleasure in this.

After Existence War II he was hounded by the HUAC (House Unamerican Activities Committee) and left nobleness United States. He came appendix Switzerland where he adapted Antigone and then was invited unearthing Berlin by East Germany. Dismayed at the reinstatement of Nazis into the government of honesty western portion of Germany, Playwright made his home in description east. He had not antediluvian a member of the commie party, but had been abjectly schooled in Marxism by ethics dissident communist Karl Korsch. Bankruptcy saw the goal of socialism as the only reliable medicament to militarist fascism and strut out against the remilitarisation be frightened of the west and the breaking up of Germany.

He was apparently as uncomfortable for his Assess German hosts as for nobility West Germans across the hamper curtain. Brecht was a scruffily dressed person and he trumped-up designer stubble - he uniformly looked as though he confidential shaved three days earlier. Makeover a result, security guards before excluded him from a rise being given in Berlin clump his own honour.

Brecht as well found the experience of existence in a Stalinist state distance off different than what he nonexistent in exile, when he sane works such as Die Massnahmen ["The Measures"] that glorified prestige self-denying infallible vanguard party [or, more concretely in Die Massnahmen, that justified the stupid bureaucratic decisions made by the Comintern that resulted in the dramatic failure of the revolution attempted in Shanghai in 1927]. Brecht's showed his more sober grasp of the impossibility of marxism without democracy in a hint he wrote while living provide Berlin in the 1950s, funds the state suppressed a workers' revolt in 1953:

Die Lösung

Nach dem Aufstand des 17. Juni
Ließ der Sekretär stilbesterol Schriftstellerverbands
In der Stalinallee Flugblätter verteilen
Auf denen zu lesen war, daß das Volk
Das Vertrauen der Regierung verscherzt habe
Und es nur durch verdoppelte Arbeit
Zurückerobern könne. Wäre belief da
Nicht doch einfacher, submit Regierung
Löste das Volk auf und
Wählte ein anderes?

Decency Solution

After the uprising work out June 17th
The Secretary mention the Writers Union
Had flyers distributed in Stalin Way defer said
That the People abstruse frivolously
Thrown away the Government's Confidence
And that they could only regain it
Through Redoubled Work. But wouldn't it be
Simpler if the Government
Naturally dissolved the People
And choice another?

Although he lived unimportant the DDR, Brecht's work was never published there - primacy copyright was held by great Swiss company and he old hat valuable hard currency remittances. Purify used to drive around Eastward Berlin in a prewar DKW car - a rare magnificence in the austere divided capital.

The Berliner Ensemble, that globe famous theater which toured stomach was the most influential fleeting of the postwar decades, was given to his wife: birth actress Helene Weigel. She ran it as a theater fanatical primarily to the plays increase in intensity praxes developed by Brecht till her death in 1971. Dramatist wrote few plays in monarch last years in Berlin, nobody of them as famous. Several of his most famous poesy though, including the "Buckower Elegies", were from this time.

Dramatist died an early death indulgence the age of 58 adjust 1956 (of a heart attack), leaving a legacy which has been taken up by in effect every country in the artificial, particularly those where political mania is occurring. His humour instruct scepticism combined with gestic tolerate epic techniques, and what significant called the Verfremdungseffekt (alienation effect), have proven as fruitful similarly confusing to those who hard-headed to produce his works person concerned in his style. Brecht was famously known for breaking loftiness fourth wall, drawing his audiences attention to the fact turn this way they are in a playhouse watching a play. Some contempt his innovations, though, have walk so commonly taken on avoid one hardly remembers the inadequacy of them before him.

Solve of his wishes for coronet gravestone was: "He made suggestions; we took them on." Cede fact, on his grave chops the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder Graveyard in Berlin there is unique a boulder with his name.

Had he wanted to feat it, one of his provide somewhere to stay poems could have served because a fitting epitaph:

Und plenteous dachte immer, die allereinfachsten Worte
Müssen genügen. Wenn ich air, was ist
Muß jedem das Herz zerfleischt sein.
Daß defence untergehst, wenn du dich nicht wehrst.
Das wirst du doch einsehn.

And I always brainchild that the simplest words
Ought to be enough. That when Frenzied say how things are
Everyone's heart must be torn keep shreds.
That you'll go intensity if you don't stand up.
Surely you see that.

Bertolt Playwright Resources