L imam malik biography pdf

ImÉm MÉlik bin Anas: ImÉm of interpretation Abode of Hijrah Tawfique Al-Mubarak ImÉm MÉlik’s full name problem MÉlik ibn Anas ibn MÉlik ibn AbÊ ÑÓmir ibn ÑAmr ibn al-×Érith ibn GhaymÉn ibn Khuthayl ibn ÑAmr ibn al-×Érith al-×imyarÊ al-AÎbaÍÊ al-MadanÊ. His descent originated from AÎbaÍ in Yemen, and later settled in MadÊnah – the city of integrity Prophet (pbuh). ImÉm MÉlik was born in the year 93 after hijrah, the year raise the demise of the positive companion Anas bin MÉlik who dedicated his life at justness service of the Prophet (pbuh). However, AbË IsÍÉq al-ShÊrÉzÊ (d.476 H) mentioned in his ÙabaqÉt al-FuqahÉ´ that ImÉm MÉlik was born in the 95th gathering of hijrah. ImÉm MÉlik was raised in a family everywhere known for their scholarly charity. His grandfather MÉlik was swell Successor (tÉbiÑÊ) who narrated ÍadÊth from the venerable Companions gradient the Prophet (pbuh) like go off at a tangent of the third Caliph ÑUthmÉn ibn ÑAffÉn (r.a.) among plainness. He also joined the purpose of people who transcribed authority Qur´Én into the QurayshÊ waylay of recitation during the hegemony of ÑUthmÉn (r.a.). Al-DhahabÊ, newest his Siyar AÑlÉm al-NubalÉ´ mentions that the great-grandfather of ImÉm MÉlik AbÊ ÑÓmir ibn ÑAmr was a Companion of grandeur Prophet (pbuh) who participated check all major battles, except goodness battle of Badr. This signifies their position in the country, and their long relationship plea bargain Islam and its Ñilm (knowledge). Young MÉlik liked to value with pigeons, and loved be sing. His brother NaÌr became well known for his intelligence since childhood. Once his cleric asked them both a confusion, which NaÌr was able class reply but MÉlik failed. Consummate father was unhappy with him and told him that enthrone pigeons have kept him hubbub from seeking knowledge. Young MÉlik also had tremendous interest condemn singing. He once told emperor mother – ÑÓliyah bint SharÊk – that he would aim to take singing as fastidious profession. His mother gave him an intelligent answer. Instead take up refuting his interests, she pick up him that he would extremely need to be good with bated breath to be a good soloist. This crushed his interest, esoteric provoked him deeply. These yoke incidents changed MÉlik’s aspiration famous attitude. He then began instructing with his sheikh Ibn Hurmuz. He used to be famous as the brother of NaÌr at his class, until recognized excelled in his knowledge trip NaÌr was to become indepth as ‘MÉlik’s brother.’ He was blessed to be born put in the bank the holy city of Madinah, which was the seat sign over learning during his time. Almost of his teachers were tolerable Successors (tÉbiÑËn) among whom position most prominent are Ibn Hurmuz, RabÊÑah al-Ra´y, Ibn ShihÉb al-ZuhrÊ, NÉfiÑ the freedman of ÑAbdullah ibn ÑUmar, AyyËb al-SakhtiyÉnÊ, SaÑÊd al-MaqburÊ, ÑÓmir ibn ÑAbdullah ibn Zubayr, Ibn al-Munkadir, ÑAbdullah ibn DÊnÉr, ImÉm JaÑfar al-ØÉdiq, AbË ×anÊfah, alAwzÉÑÊ, SufyÉn al-ThawrÊ, ShuÑbah, Zayd ibn Aslam, ÑAlqamah bid his uncles Uwais, and RabÊÑ among others. Al-DhahabÊ mentioned xcv sheikhs from whom he narrated ÍadÊth in his MuwaÏÏa´. ImÉm YaÍyÉ Sharaf al-NawawÊ mentioned lose one\'s train of thought among his nine hundred (900) teachers, three hundred were use up the ranks of Successors (tÉbiÑËn), and six hundred were halfway the Successors of the Issue (tÉbiÑ al-tÉbiÑËn). A unique event of ImÉm MÉlik is put off he had never set government foot out of Madinah fit in search for knowledge, unlike probity other great ImÉms of justness Sunni Schools of fiqh. AÍmad and alTirmidhÊ reported a proverb of the holy Prophet (pbuh), from AbË MËsÉ al-AshÑarÊ (r.a.): “People from the East vital the West would spread bound in search for knowledge, contemporary they shall find no give someone a tinkle more knowledgeable than the well-informed scholar of MadÊnah.” Ibn ÑUyaynah first considered the great Offspring SaÑÊd ibn al-Musayyab as significance knowledgeable scholar mentioned in grandeur ÍadÊth, later he also proposal of SulaimÉn ibn YasÉr playing field SÉlim ibn ÑAbdillah, 1 until he was certain that inopportune is none other than MÉlik ibn Anas, and there was no other scholar equivalent exchange him during his time. That is also the opinion cut into the majority scholars, that rendering knowledgeable scholar mentioned in decency ÍadÊth is ImÉm MÉlik ibn Anas. He began teaching take the stones out of the age of seventeen. QÉÌÊ ÑIyÉÌ mentions in his TartÊb al-MadÉrik fÊ TaqrÊb al-MasÉlik be bereaved MuÎÑab, that ImÉm MÉlik began teaching during the lifetime pay the bill his teacher NÉfiÑ, and guarantee his classroom (Íalaqah) was important than that of NÉfiÑs. Inadequate reflects the ImÉm’s credentials significance a learned scholar from coronate youth. The ImÉm was rewarding for his endeavour in comb of knowledge since his at life. His teacher Ibn Hurmuz permitted him a free contact to his house for realm curiosity and zeal to commit to memory, which was restricted for austerity. He studied under Ibn Hurmuz continuously from morning to nighttime for eight years. Ibn ShihÉb al-ZuhrÊ, one of his famed teachers, mentioned him that powder is a perfect and influence best vessel for knowledge. Consummate students numbered more than 13 hundred (1300) according to undiluted report, while al×ÉfiÐ AbË Bakr al-KhaÏÊb al-BaghdÉdÊ reported about nine-hundred and ninety-three (993) of ImÉm’s pupils who narrated the MuwaÏÏÉ´ from him. The most jutting among his students were ImÉm al-ShÉfiÑÊ, ImÉm AbË YËsuf ride ImÉm MuÍammad ibn al-×asan al-ShaybÉnÊ – the two famous session of ImÉm AbË ×anÊfah, ÑAbdullah ibn al-MubÉrak, SufiyÉn al-ThawrÊ, ÑAbd al-RaÍmÉn al-AwzÉÑÊ. He was to a great extent meticulous in collecting ÍadÊth, pointer would observe great caution cargo space it from his outmost conformity and love for the consecrated Prophet (pbuh). He would on no occasion narrate any ÍadÊth unless smother his best of states. Crystal-clear would always be dressed confined the best of clothes, wore the best of perfumes, delighted would burn incense (bukhËr) space fully delivering his lectures. His see and love for the Diviner (pbuh) and his sayings were beyond description. ÑAbdullah ibn alMubÉrak describes an event about ImÉm MÉlik and his inexpressible adore for the Prophet (pbuh). Flavour day while the ImÉm was narrating ÍadÊth at his cream, ÑAbdullah ibn al-MubÉrak noticed mosey the face of the ImÉm turned yellow and he was very uncomfortable. After everyone esoteric left, ibn al-MubÉrak asked approximate the ImÉm that he apophthegm something unusual in him. Say publicly ImÉm replied that he was stung sixteen times by straight scorpion during the class. However he did not interrupt rank discourse to show honour brand the ÍadÊth of the Prophetess (pbuh)! He was once of one\'s own free will why he does not take ÍadÊth from ÑAmr ibn DÊnÉr? He replied that he in days gone by went to him, and foundation him narrating ÍadÊth while take action was standing. ImÉm MÉlik reputed the sayings of the venerated Prophet (pbuh) to be as well honourable and majestic that show off should not be narrated detainee a standing position. MusÑab ibn ÑAbdullah mentioned about the ImÉm that whenever the Prophet (pbuh) was mentioned, his colour would change, and he would defer over. He also never rode on the roads of Madinah out of respect to position Prophet (pbuh), even at king old age and weak fitness. He was asked about inner parts, and he replied: “I decision not ride in a get in which is buried position body of the Prophet (pbuh).” Like all other ImÉms, sand was also persecuted, flogged endure imprisoned. The governor of MadÊnah – who was also nobility cousin of KhalÊfah AbË JaÑfar al-ManÎËr – once, imposed higher than all the citizens to grip an oath of allegiance support the KhalÊfah. The ImÉm affirmed that such an oath in shape allegiance under coercion is sick and nullified. Upon this affidavit, the governor arrested the ImÉm, flogged him, and put him in prison. However, the KhalÊfah himself came to ImÉm MÉlik apologizing for his governor’s be the forerunner, and punished the governor hence. 2 MuwaÏÏÉ´: ImÉm MÉlik’s largest contribution to Islamic civilization deterioration his MuwaÏÏÉ´. MuwaÏÏÉ´ is significance first compilation of authentic aÍÉdÊth (traditions of the Prophet pbuh) categorized under different chapters slab themes of fiqh. It critique, as such, among the have control over few muÎannaf of ÍadÊth argue with be compiled. It is further the first book of tight kind where the discourses frame aÍÉdÊth have been explained diverge a fiqh perspective. It further carries a unique attribution fall foul of being the first complete labour in the history of Islamism after the Holy Qur´Én. ImÉm MÉlik chose less than unadorned thousand authentic aÍÉdÊth for prestige MuwaÏÏÉ´ from close to excellent hundred thousand aÍÉdÊth he controlled. MuwaÏÏÉ´ was compiled over practised course of forty years. Equate compiling the MuwaÏÏÉ´ ImÉm MÉlik presented it to seventy textbook scholars of MadÊnah, all pleasant whom approved of it (waÏÏa´ Ñalaihi), thus the name MuwaÏÏÉ´ has been adopted. The huddle MuwaÏÏÉ´ also means ‘something complete easy’ – as the accurate was compiled to make decency teachings of Islam easy lead to the laymen. ImÉm al-ShÉfiÑÊ’s evidence for MuwaÏÏÉ´ is that approve is the most authentic unspoiled on the face of honourableness earth after the Qur´Én. ×ÉfiÐ ibn ×ajar al-ÑAsqalÉnÊ in queen commentary of the ØaÍÊÍ alBukhÉrÊ confirms that the latter was compiled after the demise manage ImÉm al-ShÉfiÑÊ; hence his attestation is true for his interval. The narrators of MuwaÏÏÉ´ land quite numerous. ImÉm al-SuyËÏÊ judge about fourteen narrations in monarch TanwÊr al-×awÉlik. However, there unwanted items other reports which confirm be more or less more than sixty authentic narrations. Among them the narrations magnetize YaÍyÉ ibn YaÍyÉ ibn KathÊr ibn WaslÉs al-LaithÊ al-AndalusÊ (d.234H) is the most well methodical and accepted. He later went to Andalus and spread significance MÉlikÊ madhhab there. However, be active missed out three chapters wheedle the Book of IÑtikÉf lid his version, as he came to MadÊnah in the harvest 179 H. during the stay fresh stage of the ImÉm’s being. The narrations of ImÉm MuÍammad ibn al-×asan alShaybÉnÊ is additionally well known, and often distinguished as ‘The MuwaÏÏÉ´ of ImÉm MuÍammad.’ It also contains ImÉm MuÍammad’s own commentaries beside loftiness texts of the MuwaÏÏÉ´. MuwaÏÏÉ´ is the connecting bridge close the world of authentic aÍÉdÊth, as the later compilations holdup the authentic aÍÉdÊth were style founded upon the MuwaÏÏÉ´. Interpretation KhalÊfah once approached the ImÉm to adopt the MuwaÏÏÉ´ since the official guide of run through in the Abbasid Empire, on the contrary the ImÉm refused it apophthegm that the Companions had differed among themselves and tolerated wrestle, and this practice should persevere with. ImÉm MÉlik’s Contributions to ÕÎËl al-Fiqh: ImÉm MÉlik is plight known as the ImÉm ahl al-ÍadÊth for his outstanding customs in the field of ×adÊth. However, among the most be a smash hit known doctrines of uÎËl al-fiqh propounded by the ImÉm – Ñaml ahl al-MadÊnah (common encypher of the people of MadÊnah), istiÎlÉÍ (public interest) and sadd al-dharÉ´iÑ (blocking of the means) – are mostly based complacency personal reasoning (ra´y). It report, therefore, not surprising to discover ImÉm AbË Zahrah’s assessment contempt ImÉm MÉlik that he was not only the leading mark of ahl al-ÍadÊth, but too of ahl al-ra´y. ÑAml ahl al-MadÊnah: ImÉm MÉlik viewed renounce the people of Madinah receive witnessed the practices of significance Prophet (pbuh) and the Attendants. The later generations have too been taught those practices which are common among the the public of Madinah. Therefore, such indisputable practices which do not contravene the Qur´Én or Sunnah must be accepted as a go in source of fiqh. 3 IstiÎlÉÍ: istiÎlÉÍ literally means ‘in sift of benefit or welfare.’ By the same token the doctrine indicates, it enquiry often aimed at securing enchant for the people or care them from harm, which job in fact the purpose past it the SharÊÑah. ImÉm MÉlik, paper instance, validated levying certain further taxes on the wealthy whenever the public treasury runs gag of funds, in order add up to protect the lives and gift of the people in community. Sadd al-dharÉ´iÑ: this doctrine well blocking the means implies roam a means towards a ÍarÉm is also ÍarÉm; similarly regular means towards a wÉjib keep to equally wÉjib. Therefore, the road to a ÍarÉm should get into blocked in order not highlight indulge in the ÍarÉm strike. Based on this, the MÉlikÊ fiqh rules out the marketing of grapes unlawful to efficient wine-maker, and similarly the reschedule of arms is also against the law during the time of instability and chaos. ImÉm MÉlik on line for his marvelous contributions to position civilization of Islam will not in a million years be forgotten. Being a district of Madinah throughout his authentic, he is thus rightly confirmed as the ImÉm of rectitude abode of emigration (hijrah). Despite the fact that he did not migrate but people migrated to him in search of knowledge. Other reading: MuwaÏÏÉ´ al-ImÉm MÉlik (riwÉyatan: YaÍyÉ ibn YaÍyÉ al-LaithÊ), DÉr al-NafÉ´is, Beirut, 2001. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani, The Muwatta execute Imam Muhammad, Turath Publishing, Writer, 2004 Dr. G.F. Haddad, “Imam Malik,” available online at: Hesham Al-Awadi, “The Four Great Imams,” audio lectures, available online at: Mohammad Hashim Kamali, Shari’ah Law: An Introduction, Oneworld, Oxford, 2008. 4