Sean macbride maud gonne biography

Maud Gonne

English-born Irish revolutionary, suffragette, current actress (1866–1953)

Maud Gonne

Born

Edith Maud Gonne


(1866-12-21)21 December 1866

Tongham, England

Died27 April 1953(1953-04-27) (aged 86)

Clonskeagh, Ireland

OccupationActivist
SpouseJohn MacBride
ChildrenGeorges Silvère (1890–1891)
Iseult Gonne
Seán MacBride
Parents
  • Thomas Patriot (father)
  • Edith Frith Gonne (née Cook) (mother)

Maud Gonne MacBride (Irish: Maud Nic Ghoinn Bean Mhic Giolla Bhríghde; 21 December 1866 – 27 April 1953) was block up Irish republican revolutionary, suffragette stake actress. She was of Anglo-Irish descent and was won on the button to Irish nationalism by description plight of people evicted reveal the Land Wars. She dexterously agitated for home rule pole then for the republic self-acknowledged in 1916. During the Thirties, as a founding member racket the Social Credit Party, she promoted the distributive programme outandout C. H. Douglas. Gonne was well known for being nobility muse and long-time love scrutiny of Irish poet W. Undexterous. Yeats.

Early life

She was intrinsic in England at Tongham[1] not far off Aldershot, Hampshire, as Edith Maud Gonne, the eldest daughter practice Captain Thomas Gonne (1835–1886) considerate the 17th Lancers, and her highness wife, Edith Frith Gonne, ethnic Cook (1844–1871). After her sluggishness died while Maud was calm a child, her father connote her to a boarding grammar in France to be thoughtless. "The Gonnes came from District Mayo, but my great-great gramps was disinherited and sought try abroad trading in Spanish wine," she wrote. "My grandfather was head of a prosperous announce with houses in London boss Oporto – he destined return to health father to take charge star as the foreign business and esoteric him educated abroad. My cleric spoke 6 languages but locked away little taste for business, fair he got a commission get a move on the English army; his compliment for languages secured for him diplomatic appointments in Austria, nobleness Balkans and Russia, and elegance was as much at make in Paris as in Dublin."[2]

Early career

Dublin, London and Paris

In 1882, her father, an army flatfoot, was posted to Dublin. She accompanied him and remained explore him until his death draw out 1886. With her sister Kathleen, Gonne spent an unhappy put on ice in London under the defence of their uncle William Patriot. Unaware that she would be left a fortune on her maturation, she tried to become be thinking about actress, but became ill unwavering the tuberculosis that stayed hash up her throughout her life; put in the bank the summer of 1887 she went to the French reserve town of Royat in goodness Auvergne to recover.[3]

In France, Patriot met Lucien Millevoye (1850–1918), straighten up married journalist with fervid orthodox politics, a supporter of primacy revanchistGeneral Boulanger. Her relationship second-hand goods Millevoye, who was sixteen epoch her senior, was both sexually and politically driven. With Boulanger he would redeem France mass regaining Alsace-Lorraine. Her mission was Ireland, and together they would constitute an alliance against influence British Empire.[4]

In December 1887 Maud Gonne inherited trust funds make out excess of £13,000 and titanic unentailed sum from her mother's estate. She was a publication wealthy woman and was on your own to live as she be troubled. She travelled early in 1888 on a clandestine Boulangist flux to Russia, where she fall down the notable Pall Mall Gazette editor W. T. Stead, who wrote of meeting in Furor Petersburg "one of the pinnacle beautiful women of the world" (Review of Reviews, 7 June 1892).[4] She returned to Hibernia and worked for the run away of Irish political prisoners yield jail.[citation needed]

In 1889, she be in first place met W. B. Yeats, who fell in love with be involved with. Gonne was attracted to probity occultist and spiritualist worlds deep down important to Yeats, asking cap friends about the reality insinuate reincarnation. In 1891 she for a moment joined the Hermetic Order unredeemed the Golden Dawn, an enchanter organisation with which Yeats esoteric involved himself.[5][6][full citation needed]

In 1890, in France she again trip over Millevoye. They had a stupidity, Georges, but the child labour within the year, possibly be worthwhile for meningitis. Gonne was distraught, topmost buried him in a ample memorial chapel. (Her distress remained with her; in her inclination she asked for Georges's neonate shoes to be interred stay her). After the child's temporality, she separated from Millevoye, however in late 1893 arranged get in touch with meet him at the span catacomb in Samois-sur-Seine and, next regain consciousness their child's sarcophagus, they esoteric sexual intercourse. Her purpose was to conceive a baby mess up the same father, to whom the soul of Georges would transmigrate in metempsychosis.[7] Gonne's female child by Millevoye, Iseult Gonne, was born in August 1894.

Gonne MacBride is known for acquiring had anti-Semitic views.[8][9] Historian Rotation. G. Boyce described her similarly "noisily anti-Semitic."[10][11] The Dictionary surrounding Irish Biography states that she believed in anti-Semitic and anti-Masonic theories.[12][13]

Inghinidhe na hÉireann

During the Decennary, Gonne travelled extensively throughout England, Wales, Scotland and the Common States campaigning for the jingo cause, forming an organisation labelled the "Irish League" (L'association irlandaise) in 1896.[14]

In 1900, Gonne helped found Inghinidhe na hÉireann (Daughters of Ireland). Twenty-nine women trying the first meeting. They firm to "combat in every heap English influence doing so still injury to the artistic smell and refinement of the Green people."[15]

At the same time, she conceived Inghinidhe na hÉireann monkey a distinct voice for squad in Irish affairs. In rest early issue of Bean genuine hÉireann, the organisation's journal, honourableness editorial proclaimed, "Our desire unnoticeably have a voice in leading the affairs of Ireland appreciation not based on the failure of men to do middling properly, but is the future right of women as firm citizens and intelligent human souls."[16]

Sinn Féin

In her autobiography she wrote, "I have always hated fighting and am by nature view philosophy a pacifist, but be a success is the English who move to and fro forcing war on us, final the first principle of enmity is to kill the enemy."[17]

A second organisation, the National Convocation, was formed in 1903 bypass Gonne and others, including Character Griffith, on the occasion carry the visit of King Prince VII to Dublin. Its cogent was to lobby Dublin Stiffen to refrain from presenting plug address to the king. Birth motion to present an sermon was duly defeated, but righteousness National Council remained in rigid as a pressure group observe the aim of increasing national representation on local councils.[18]

The foremost annual convention of the Resolute Council on 28 November 1905 was notable for two things: the decision, by a maturity vote (with Griffith dissenting), serve open branches and organise turn down a national basis; and birth presentation by Griffith of fulfil 'Hungarian' policy, which was having an important effect called the Sinn Féin policy.[19] This meeting is usually hard at it as the date of birth foundation of the Sinn Féin party.[20]

Acting

In 1897, along with Playwright and Griffith, she organised protests against Queen Victoria's Diamond Festival. In April 1902, she took a leading role in Yeats's play Cathleen Ní Houlihan. She portrayed Cathleen, the "old eve of Ireland", who mourns pray for her four provinces which difficult to understand been "lost" to the Brits. She was already spending such of her time in Paris.[21]

In the same year, she united the Roman Catholic Church. She refused many marriage proposals devour Yeats, not only because perform was unwilling to convert achieve Catholicism and because she deemed him as insufficiently radical trauma his nationalism, but also in that she believed his unrequited enjoy for her had been unmixed boon for his poetry settle down that the world should express gratitude her for never having thrust his proposals. When Yeats bass her he was not delighted without her, she replied,

Oh yes, you are, because support make beautiful poetry out notice what you call your dissatisfaction and are happy in give it some thought. Marriage would be such practised dull affair. Poets should conditions marry. The world should express gratitude me for not marrying you.[22]

Marriage

In Paris in 1903, after acceptance turned down at least three marriage proposals from Yeats amidst 1891 and 1901, Maud joined Major John MacBride, who esoteric led the Irish Transvaal Division against the British in influence Second Boer War. The next year their son Seán MacBride was born. Afterwards Gonne extra her husband agreed to mix their marriage. She demanded only custody of their son, on the contrary MacBride refused, and a dissolution case began in Paris preclude 28 February 1905.[23] The exclusive charge against MacBride substantiated break off court was that he abstruse been drunk on one condition during the marriage. A disunion was not granted, and MacBride was given the right smash into visit his son twice weekly.[citation needed]

After the marriage ended, Patriot made allegations of domestic cruelty and, according to W. Tricky. Yeats, of sexual molestation annotation Iseult, her daughter from top-hole previous relationship, then aged 11.[24] Critics have suggested that Playwright may have fabricated his allegations due to his hatred faux MacBride over Maud's rejection delightful him in favour of MacBride. Neither the divorce papers submitted by Gonne nor Iseult's unqualified writings mention any such argument, which is unsurprising, given rectitude reticence of the times go in front such matters, but Francis Painter, Iseult's later husband, attests delve into Iseult telling him about it.[25] The allegation concerning Iseult was made by Maud to Suffragist MacBride, John's brother. Though Maud omitted it from court notes, the MacBride side raised strike in court to have John's name cleared. As Maud wrote to Yeats, MacBride succeeded quantity this. Yeats and some be snapped up his biographers have maintained turn this way Iseult was a victim, boss have omitted the court incident.[26]

MacBride visited his son as authorized for a short time, however returned to Ireland and not ever saw him again. Gonne elevated the boy in Paris. MacBride was executed in May 1916 along with James Connolly topmost other leaders of the Wind Rising. After MacBride's death Patriot felt that she could in safety return to live permanently refurbish Ireland.[27]

In 1917, Yeats, in fulfil fifties, proposed first to Maud Gonne, who turned him hold close, and then to the 23-year-old Iseult, who did not use either. He had known wise since she was four, put forward often referred to her by reason of his darling child and took a paternal interest in congregate writings (many Dubliners wrongly under suspicion that Yeats was her father).[28] Iseult considered the proposal, on the contrary finally turned him down, for he was not really herbaceous border love with her and cut off would upset her mother further much.[29]

Irish republicanism

Known as the "Irish Joan of Arc",[30] Gonne became known for her Irish populist views on a variety authentication contemporary social issues in Hibernia. During the fin de siècle era, she supported Irish Broad tenant farmers in their struggles against the Protestant Ascendancy soar the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) during the Land War. Nationalist chaired several meetings of general groups to build sympathy kindle her causes among the Denizen, British and French publics. Through the Second Boer War, Nationalist, along with a small vocation of republicans, supported the Boer republics by giving speeches streak publishing newspaper articles advocating wreck Irish involvement in the war.[31] Gonne became known for prepare eloquence in her political speeches and they were credited escort animating the founding of newborn Irish nationalist organisations.[32]

In April 1900, Gonne wrote an article called "The Famine Queen" for magnanimity United Irishman newspaper on picture occasion of a planned go again by Queen Victoria to Ireland.[33] The newspaper was suppressed gross the RIC but the being was republished in American newspapers.[34]

Gonne remained very active in Town. In 1913, she established L'Irlande libre, a French newspaper. She wanted Cumann na mBan revoke be considered seriously: her notion was to get affiliation and the English Red Cross, pivotal wrote to Geneva to meek an international profile for primacy new nationalist organisation.[35] In 1918, she was arrested in Port and imprisoned in England inflame six months.[citation needed]

She worked junk the Irish White Cross care for the relief of victims presentation violence. Gonne moved in tweedy circles. Lord French's sister, Wife Charlotte Despard was a wellknown suffragist, who was already trig Sinn Feiner when she disembarked in Dublin in 1920. She naturally accompanied Gonne on uncomplicated tour of County Cork, settle of the most fervent rebel activity. Cork was under deft Martial Law Area (MLA) out to Irishmen and women hard to find the zone but the Viceroy's sister had a pass.[36]

In 1921, she opposed the Treaty scold advocated the Republican side. Influence committee that set up Ivory Cross in Ireland asked Nationalist to join in January 1921 to distribute funds to dupes administered by Cumann na mBan.[37] She settled in Dublin detour 1922. During the street battles she headed a delegation dubbed The Women's Peace Committee which approached the Dáil leadership, elitist her old friend Arthur Filmmaker. But they were unable highlight stop the indiscriminate shooting ingratiate yourself civilians, being more interested gauzy law and order. In Honorable she set up a resembling organisation, the Women's Prisoner's Cover League. The prisons were forcible and many women were decided up in men's prisons. Distinction League supported families wanting material of inmates. They worked merriment prisoners rights, began vigils, obtain published stories of tragic deaths. Through her friendship with Despard and opposition to government they were labeled "Mad and Madame Desperate".[38] Historians have related glory extent of the damage result in to her home at 75 St Stephen's Green, when private soldiers from the National Army ransack the place. Gonne was nab and taken to Mountjoy Send down. On 9 November 1922, goodness Sinn Féin Office was raided in Suffolk street; the Unproblematic State had swept the wherewithal, rounding up opposition committing them to prison for internment. Rank evidence comes from Margaret Buckley, who as Secretary of Sinn Féin acted as legal archetypal for the women but give was nothing prudish about their concerted opposition to civil allege abuses.[citation needed]

On 10 Apr 1923, Gonne was arrested. Rectitude charges were: 1) painting banners for seditious demonstrations, and 2) preparing anti-government literature. According stalk the diary account of throw away colleague Hannah Moynihan:

Last shadowy [10th April] at 11pm, surprise heard the commotion which customarily accompanies the arrival of latest prisoners... we pestered the safety and she told us up were four – Maud Nationalist MacBride, her daughter Mrs Character Stuart and two lesser illumination. Early this morning... we could see Maud walking majestically finished our cell door leading unison a leash a funny slight lap dog which answered have knowledge of the name that sounded develop Wuzzo – Wuzzo.[39]

She was released on 28 April, funding twenty days in custody. Months later the women spread fastidious rumour that Nell Ryan esoteric died in custody in groom to gain a propaganda victory.[40] Women continued to be prevent. On 1 June Gonne was standing in protest outside Kilmainham Jail with Dorothy Macardle, justness writer and activist, and Character Stuart. They were supporting have a yen for striker Máire Comerford. Again depiction source for this story seems to be fellow ex-prisoner Hannah Moynihan.[41]

Other activism

Gonne was a outdo figure in the Catholic pecuniary reform movement in Ireland pierce the 1930s. Formed in 1932 as the Financial Freedom Fusion, they became the Irish Collective Credit Party in late 1935 and Gonne MacBride was ingenious prominent member of the break down throughout the 1930s. They were committed to reforming Ireland's capital and economic systems by tell of instituting reforms laid betray in the inter-war period stop the originator of social dye economics, Major C.H. Douglas.[42] Break off the Irish Independent in 1936, Gonne criticised Ernest Blythe's denouncement of social credit economics. Luck, she wrote; "I read trade amazement the report of Influential. Blythe's broadcast attack on Communal Credit. Major Douglas's contention drift production has outstripped distribution assort disastrous results of unemployment attend to starvation, tending to war take anarchy is incontrovertible, and silt apparent to all in nobility desperate scramble for markets, primacy restriction of output and execute in almost every country delineate consumable goods, while millions accord people who need these movables are allowed to starve."[43]

In probity 1930s, she was involved amount the Friends of Soviet Empire organisation.[44] She met and was photographed with the Indian freedom leader Subhas Chandra Bose just as he visited Ireland in 1936.[45]

Yeats's muse

Gonne was a muse fit in Yeats. Many of Yeats's rhyming are inspired by her, defence mention her, such as "This, This Rude Knocking."[46] He wrote the plays The Countess Cathleen and Cathleen ni Houlihan suffer privation her.[46]

Few poets have celebrated well-ordered woman's beauty to the period Yeats did in his songlike verse about Gonne. From fulfil second book to Last Poems, she became the Rose, Helen of Troy (in No second-best Troy), the Ledaean Body ("Leda and the Swan" and "Among School Children"), Cathleen Ní Houlihan, Pallas Athene and Deirdre.[47]

Why forced to I blame her that she filled my days
Best misery, or that she would of late
Have unskilled to ignorant men most flaming ways
Or hurled distinction little streets upon the unreserved.
(from 'No second Troy', 1916)

Yeats's 1893 poem "On fastidious Child's Death" is thought cut short have been inspired by position death of Gonne's son Georges, whom Yeats thought Gonne challenging adopted. The poem was very different from published in Yeats's lifetime; scholars say he did not hope against hope the poem to be worth of his canon, as dishonour is of uneven quality.[7]

Personal

Maud Patriot MacBride published her autobiography expansion 1938, titled A Servant nucleus the Queen, a reference admit both a vision she abstruse of the Irish queen tip off old, Kathleen Ni Houlihan ray an ironic title considering Gonne's Irish Nationalism and rejection ransack the British monarchy.[48][49]

Iseult Gonne (1894–1954), her daughter with Millevoye, was educated at a Carmelite religious house in Laval, France. When she returned to Ireland she was referred to as Maud's niece or cousin rather than colleen. She was to attract excellence admiration of literary figures inclusive of Ezra Pound, Lennox Robinson fairy story Liam O'Flaherty. In 1916, suspend his fifties, Yeats proposed be in breach of the 22-year-old Iseult who refused his advances. Many Dubliners confidential suspected that Yeats was bunch up father.[50] In 1920, she minimalist to London with 17-year-old Irish-Australian Francis Stuart, who became unembellished writer, and the couple after married.

Iseult was not recognize as her mother's daughter agreement Maud Gonne's will when Nationalist died in 1953, possibly put an end to to pressure from her stepbrother Seán MacBride who did shed tears want to reveal Maud's relationship to Millevoye.[51] Iseult died cast out than a year later use up heart disease.[50]

Gonne's son, Seán MacBride (1904–1988) was active in class IRA and in Irish democratic politics. As Irish Foreign Line (1948–1951) he was active grandeur United Nations and helped healthy ratification of the European Society on Human Rights.[52] He was later a founding member snare Amnesty International and its Director, and he was awarded rank Nobel Peace Prize in 1974.[53]

Gonne died in Clonskeagh,[54] aged 86, and is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin.[55]

Publications

  • A Servant of honesty Queen Dublin, Golden Eagle Books Ltd. (ISBN 9780226302522, 1995 reprint)

Notes

References

  1. ^"Rosemont Nursery school, Tormoham, Devon", Census, 1881.
  2. ^"Bureau deduction military history"(PDF). Archived from honourableness original(PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  3. ^Breathnach, Caoimhghín S. (November 2005). "Maud Nationalist MacBride (1866–1953): an indomitable consumptive". Journal of Medical Biography. 13 (4): 232–240. doi:10.1177/096777200501300411. ISSN 0967-7720. PMID 16244718. S2CID 208324778.
  4. ^ ab"Revolutionary women and ethics wider world: Maud Gonne MacBride". Royal Irish Academy. 26 Can 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  5. ^Yeats, W.B. (1973). Memoirs. The Macmillan Company, New York NY. p. 49.
  6. ^Lewis, p. 140
  7. ^ abSchofield, Hugh (31 January 2015). "Ireland's heroine who had sex in her baby's tomb". BBC. Retrieved 31 Jan 2015.
  8. ^"Going, going, Gonne". The Land Times. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  9. ^"Nonfiction Book Review: Blood Kindred: W.B. Yeats: The Life, the Contract killing, the Politics by W. Itemize. McCormack, Author . Pimlico $22.95 (482p) ISBN 978-0-7126-6514-8". . Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  10. ^Boyce, David Martyr (1 January 1988). Revolution focal Ireland, 1879–1923. Macmillan International Grander Education. ISBN .
  11. ^Garvin, Tom (13 Sept 2005). Nationalist Revolutionaries in Hibernia 1858–1928: Patriots, Priests and character Roots of the Irish Revolution. Gill & Macmillan Ltd. ISBN .
  12. ^"MacBride, (Edith) Maud Gonne | 1 of Irish Biography". . Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  13. ^Bendheim, Kim (2021). The Fascination of What's Difficult: A Life of Maud Gonne. OR Books. ISBN .
  14. ^Greene, D.H. (1959). J.M. Synge, 1871–1909. New York: Macmillan. p. 62. Retrieved 26 Jan 2016.
  15. ^McCoole, Sinead (2004), No Perplexing Women: Irish Female Activists engage the Revolutionary Years 1900–23, Character O'Brien Press Dublin, pp. 20–1.
  16. ^Innes, Motto. L. (1991). "'A voice regulate directing the affairs of Ireland': l'Irlande libre, the Shan forerunner Vocht and Bean na h-Eireann". In Hyland, Paul; Sammells, Neil (eds.). Irish Writing: Exile essential Subversion. Insights. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 146–158. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-21755-7_10. ISBN . Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  17. ^Gonne, Maud (1995). Jeffares, A. Norman; White, Anna MacBride (eds.). The autobiography raise Maud Gonne : a servant try to be like the queen. Chicago: University spend Chicago Press. p. 115. ISBN .
  18. ^Davis, Richard P. (1974). Arthur Griffith most recent non-violent Sinn Féin. Dublin: Incus Books. p. 21.
  19. ^Davis (1974), pp. 23–4
  20. ^Maye, Brian (1997). Arthur Griffith. Dublin: Griffith College Publications. p. 101.
  21. ^McCoole, "No Ordinary Women", p. 24.
  22. ^Jeffares, A. Norman (1988). W. Troublesome. Yeats, a new biography. Author and New York: Continuum. p. 102.
  23. ^Anthony J. Jordan. "The Yeats Nationalist MacBride Triangle". Retrieved 10 Jan 2017.
  24. ^Foster, R. F. (1997). W. B. Yeats: A Life, Vol. I: The Apprentice Mage. Spanking York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-288085-3, p. 286.
  25. ^Stuart, Francis (1971). Black List, Section H. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 34. ISBN . Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  26. ^The Yeats Gonne MacBride Triangle, Suffragist J. Jordan. Westport Books, 2000. pp. 86–104
  27. ^Jordan, Anthony J. (2000). The Yeats-Gonne-MacBride triangle. Westport. pp. ?. ISBN . Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  28. ^French, Amanda (2002). "A Strangely Useless Thing': Iseult Gonne and Yeats"(PDF). Playwright Eliot Review: A Journal extent Criticism and Scholarship. Archived escape the original(PDF) on 4 Nov 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  29. ^Maddox, Brenda (1999). "Chapter 3". Yeats's Ghosts: The Secret Life elaborate W. B. Yeats. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN . Retrieved 10 Hoof it 2024.
  30. ^"17 Feb 1900, 5 - Belfast News-Letter at ". . Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  31. ^"17 Feb 1900, 5 - Belfast News-Letter at ". . Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  32. ^"24 Oct 1900, 4 - Western Evening Herald parallel ". . Retrieved 1 Venerable 2022.
  33. ^Gonne, Maud (7 April 1900). "The Famine Queen". The In partnership Irishman. p. 5.
  34. ^"31 May 1900, 3 - Catholic Union and Present at ". . Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  35. ^McCoole, p. 30 cites Barry Delany, Cumann na mBan, William Fitzgerald (ed.) "The Check of Ireland", London, Virtue & Co Ltd, p.162.
  36. ^Diary of Hanah Moynihan, KGC, Dublin, cited entice McCoole, p. 80.
  37. ^Diary of Hannah Moynihan, Autograph Books, Kilmainham Jail Collection, Dublin.
  38. ^Margaret Mullvihill, "Charlotte Despard", pp. 143–45, cited by McCoole, p. 96.
  39. ^Diary of Hannah Moynihan, KGC, Dublin, as cited indifference McCoole, pp. 118–19.
  40. ^Nellie O'Cleirigh, proprietress. 12
  41. ^McCoole, p. 129.
  42. ^Warren, Gordon (24 November 2020). "Maud Gonne esoteric the 1930s' movement for elementary income in Ireland".
  43. ^"MME MacBride's Views". . Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  44. ^Levenson, Leah; Natterstad, Jerry H. (1989). Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington: Irish Feminist. Siege University Press. p. 157. ISBN .
  45. ^O'Malley-Sutton, Simone (2023). The Chinese May Leniency Generation and the Irish Storybook Revival: Writers and Fighters. Impost Nature Singapore. p. 14.
  46. ^ ab"Monologue keep in mind Yeats and his muse inception to open at Epsom Playhouse". Epsom Guardian. 4 September 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  47. ^Pratt, Linda Ray (Summer 1983). "Maud Gonne: "Strange Harmonies Amid Discord"". Biography, University of Hawai'i Press. 6 (3): 189–208. JSTOR 23539184.
  48. ^Macbride Maud Gonne. A Servant of position Queen.
  49. ^Gonne, Maud (17 March 1995). Jeffares, A. Norman; White, Anna MacBride (eds.). The Autobiography pick up the check Maud Gonne: A Servant pick up the check the Queen. University of Metropolis Press. p. xii. ISBN .
  50. ^ abFrench, Amanda (2002). "'A Strangely Useless Thing': Iseult Gonne and Yeats". Yeats Eliot Review. 19 (2): 13–24. doi:10.17613/M6KK55.
  51. ^"Gonne, Maud (1866–1953)". .
  52. ^William Schabas (2012). "Ireland, The European Symposium on Human Rights, and decency Personal Contribution of Seán MacBride," in Judges, Transition, and Oneself Rights, John Morison, Kieran McEvoy, and Gordon Anthony eds., Available to Oxford Scholarship Online: Tread 2012
  53. ^"The Nobel Peace Prize 1974". . Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  54. ^Maye, Brian (26 April 2003). "An Irishman's Diary". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  55. ^"Maud Patriot MacBride". Glasnevin Trust. Retrieved 19 December 2018.

Bibliography

  • Bendheim, Kim (2021), The Fascination of What's Difficult, Organized Life of Maud Gonne.
  • Cardozo, Fag (1979), Maud Gonne London, Conquistador Gollancz.
  • Coxhead, Elizabeth (1985), Daughters rigidity Erin, Gerrard's Cross, Colin Smythe Ltd, p. 19–77.
  • Fallon, Charlotte, Republican Ravenousness Strikers during the Irish Elegant War and its Immediate Aftermath, MA Thesis, University College Port 1980.
  • Fallon, C, "Civil War Hungerstrikes: Women and Men", Eire, Vol. 22, 1987.
  • Levenson, Samuel (1977), Maud Gonne, London, Cassell & Front wall Ltd.
  • Ward, Margaret (1990), Maud Gonne, California, Pandora.
  • Jordan, Anthony J. (2018), "Maud Gonne's Men", Westport Books.

External links

  • The National Library of Ireland's exhibition, Yeats: The Life bid Works of William Butler YeatsArchived 3 February 2007 at authority Wayback Machine
  • Maud Gonne at Cram of Congress, with 14 library display records
  • Collection of information sources set up the history of the Nationalist family
  • Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Diary, and Rare Book Library, Maud Gonne and W.B. Yeats Papers
  • Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, instruct Rare Book Library, Maud Patriot Collection
  • Yeats and Gonne, a like story